Section 46. 1. Treenails to be of good quality, and of a description equal to the best material through which they pass.* If, however, in ships built in the British North American Colonies, or of Fir, treenails be used of materials not inferior to those comprised in line No. 2 in Table A, including Locust and all Australian and tropical hard woods of durable quality, and Beech in the bottom not higher than floor-heads, a notation of "Hard Wood Treenails" will be inserted against the ship's name in the Register Book.
2. The treenails are to be straight and circular, being either engine-turned, compressed, or planed, not graincut or knotty, and must be free from sap and tightly driven, and in all cases the treenails are to be efficiently caulked or wedged outside. In all cases in which planks above eleven inches in width shall be used, they must be double fastened; and those above eight inches in width must be treenailed double and single, except bolts intervene; and, if less than width, then to be treenailed single.
3. Not less than two-thirds of the treenails are to be driven through the inside planking, clamps, &c.
4. Every butt in each outside plank to be fastened with two bolts, one of which may be in the adjoining timber, and one to be through and clenched.†
5. The bilges to be secured with bolts so placed that from the foremast, extending a distance aft equal to three-fifths of the length of the keel, there shall, in ships under 300 tons and upwards there shall be at least
6. All the bolts of the knees, breast-hooks, crutches, riders, transoms, pointers, and keelsons, shelf-pieces, waterways, heels of timbers against fore and after deadwood, and of all other material fastenings, are to be driven through and clenched on rings of the same metal as the bolts. In vessels of 150 tons and under, where the keel is of American Rock Elm, or material of equal hard texture, and where the middle line bolts are of iron, they may be allowed to be driven one and one-half inch short of the underside of the keel, with a wood plug tightly driven against their ends.
7. In knees or knee riders vertically or diagonally fitted, the throat bolts in the side arms are to be placed as near as possible to (but not in) the angle of their throats, and the next bolt should not be at a greater distance than ten inches from the throat bolt, where practicable; also in the bolting of lodging or horizontal knees the same arrangements should be maintained, where the spacing of the timbers will admit of it. "Jumped knees" will not be allowed.
8. The up and down bolts in the knees to beams are not required to be through the deck, but whether clenched upon the beams, or upon the deck, they must be clenched on rings of the same metal as the bolts.
9. The two bolts, the nearest to the crowns of the pintles and braces of the rudder, are also to be through and clenched, those through the braces to be in the main piece of stern-post.
10. The limber strakes to be bolted at every alternate timber, the bilge planks at every third timber, and the shelves or clamps at every timber in each strake.*
11. When the heels of the first futtocks meet at the middle line on the keel under the keelson (either with full moulding or with butted chocks) the through bolting of the limber strakes may be dispensed with.
12. When the lower deck or hold beam waterways, shelves, spirkettings, clamps and wood lodging knees, the bilge planks, limber strakes, and wood hooks, crutches and pointers, are fastened with iron, the bolts may be either driven through and clenched on the timbers of the frame, or from the timbers of the frame and clenched inside (if iron lodging knees are fitted and fastened with iron, the bolts must be driven from the inside), provided that the in and out bolts of the hanging-knees to the hold or lower deck beams, and those of the knee riders, iron hooks, crutches, or pointers, where such are fitted, are of copper or yellow metal driven through and clenched on the outside plank; and also one bolt in each butt of the bottom planking from the keel to one-fifth the depth of hold below the upper side of the upper deck, and parallel thereto forward and aft, be driven through and clenched on the ceiling, to be of copper or yellow metal, and in addition, all the short bolts within the same range to be of copper or yellow metal.
13. Paragraph 1.— An additional year will be allowed to Ships of the A character, either on original Classification or on Restoration under the Second Rule, if fastened externally with treenails, and with copper or yellow metal bolts, to the exclusion of iron, in the outside planking, keel, keelson, deadwood, stem and sternpost, also in the hanging knees and riders, hooks and crutches (the bolts of which must pass through the outside planking), from the lower part of the keel up to the height of one-fifth the midship depth of hold, set down below the upper side of the upper deck at the side, and parallel thereto forward and aft; above which all external bolt fastenings, and the fastenings of the deck, may be of iron, if properly galvanized. The bolts in the heels of timbers abutting against the deadwood, forward and aft, must be of copper or yellow metal driven through and clenched on rings of the same metal; but the limber, bilge, lower deck or hold beam, shelf or clamp, and lodging-knee bolts, may be of plain iron, driven through, and clenched on the timbers of the frame, or from the timbers of the frame, and clenched inside. The whole of the remaining fastenings inside may be of plain iron. If iron lodging knees are fitted, their fastenings must be driven from the inside. The limber strakes to be bolted at every alternate timber, the bilge planks at every third timber, and the shelves or clamps at every timber in each strake.
14. In all cases through bolts must be clenched on rings of the same metal.
15. Vessels thus fastened will have the notation of cf. (copper fastened) recorded in the Register Book.
16. Paragraph 2.— Two additional years will be allowed of the A Character, either on original Classification or on restoration under the Second Rule, if fastened externally with treenails, and with copper or yellow metal bolts or dumps, to the exclusion or iron, from the lower part of keel to the waterway inclusive, and the whole of the inside bolt fastenings, including fastenings of deck, frame bolts, and bolts in iron straps on timbers, and also the chain and preventer bolts, be of properly galvanized iron; but the bolts in heels of timbers abutting against deadwood, forward and aft, must be of copper or yellow metal driven through and clenched on rings of the same metal. The limber, bilge, lower deck or hold beam, shelf or clamp, and lodging-knee bolts, may be of properly galvanized iron if driven through and clenched on the timbers of the frame, or from the timbers of the frame and clenched inside. If iron lodging-knees are fitted, their fastenings must be driven from the inside, but the whole of the bolts in the hanging-knees, riders, hooks and crutches, must pass through the outside planking and be of copper or yellow metal. The timber strakes to be bolted at every alternate timber, the bilge planks at every third timber, and the shelves or clamps at every timber in each strake.
17. Vessels thus fastened will have the notation of CF. (Copper Fastened) recorded in the Register Book.
18. Paragraph 3.— Three additional years will be added on original Classification if, in lieu of treenails above the floor-heads, the whole of the planking is fastened with bolts of copper yellow metal to the waterway inclusive, and the whole of the inside bolt fastenings, including fastenings of deck, frame bolts, and bolts in iron straps on timbers, and also the chain and preventer bolts, be of properly galvanized iron; but the bolts in heels of timbers abutting against deadwood, forward and aft, must be of copper or yellow metal driven through and clenched on rings of the same metal. The whole of the bolts in the hanging and lodging-knees, riders, hooks and crutches, must be through and clenched on the outside planking. In such cases of substitution the bolts must be in number the same as is already prescribed above for treenails; the proportion of through bolts must be at least two-thirds, and all the through bolts must be of malleable metal, and clenched on rings of the same metal inside.
19. The sizes of the copper or mixed metal bolts must be as under, viz.:-
| In ships of | 150 | tons and under | 200 | tons | ... ... ... | 5/8 | in. |
| 200 | ditto | 350 | " | ... ... ... | 3/4 | in. | |
| 350 | ditto | 500 | " | ... ... ... | 13/16 | in. | |
| 500 | ditto | 700 | " | ... ... ... | 7/8 | in. | |
| 700 | ditto | 900 | " | ... ... ... | 15/16 | in. | |
| 900 | and above | ... ... ... | 1 | in. |
| When used in plank of | 2� | inches, to be | 7 | inches long. |
| 3 | " | 8 | " | |
| 4 | " | 10 | " | |
| 5 | " | 12 | " |
20. Vessels thus fastened will have the notation of CB (Copper Bolts instead of Treenails) recorded in the Register Book.
21. In British North American or Colonial built ships, and all ships wherever built, the frames of which are composed of Fir, in order to entitle them to the additional term proposed by these sections, Nos. 1, 2, and 3, the rule with reference to "Salting" (Section 37) must in all cases have been complied with originally, or during repair under the Second Rule for Restoration.
Section 47. In every case where the butt bolts are not through and clenched, One Year will be deducted from the period which would otherwise be assigned in the classification of the vessel.
* Parties desiring a modification of this requirement must make special application to the Committee in each case.
† Where thick garboard strakes are used, they must be bolted horizontally through the keel and each other.
* Watercourses are to be properly formed at underside of all floors and futtocks at the limbers on each side of middle line so as to allow to reach the pumps freely.
Transcribed by Lars Bruzelius
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